Connected pixels-based image smoothing filter

Digital image processing heavily relies on the connectivity of pixels, as it is a vital component for accurate object identification and analysis within an image. Grouping together pixels with similar features such colour intensity, allows formation meaningful patterns or objects, which essential recognition segmentation. This approach particularly valuable in photogrammetric imaging, video surveillance, deep learning facilitates isolation regions interest tracking. Image smoothing also crucial aspect enhancing visual quality by reducing noise details, especially applications aerial mapping, medical compression, resizing computer vision. The absence connected would make tasks more challenging less reliable, making them fundamental to digital critical various diverse fields. paper introduces novel filter called Connected Pixels Based Smoothing Filter (CPF), based gray pixels. success CPF was compared that Non-Local Means (NLMF) terms Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) same Mean Squared Error (MSE). experimental results showed has better ability preserve details NLMF.